GETRUNTAH

Natural Limits to World Wind Energy

The amount of energy available in the Earth system to be extracted by wind-turbines is limited, and if sufficient energy is removed the world climate will be affected. These striking conclusions follow from a recent analysis (http://www.earth-syst-dynam.net/2/1/2011/esd-2-1-2011.html) reported from the University of Jena in Germany. Humans use energy in total at a rate of 17 TW (terawatts), 87% of which is provided by fossil fuels. In the effort to mitigate carbon emissions and climate-change, sources of carbon-free renewable energy are sought, particularly wind-power. From a simple engineering perspective, the more wind-turbines are placed around the globe, the more energy can be extracted, with no particular effect on the overall energy of the atmospheric flow.

From the various simulations used it was inferred that between 18 - 68 TW of mechanical wind power can be extracted from the atmospheric boundary layer, taken over all non-glaciated land surfaces. While a single wind-turbine does not affect the global atmosphere, the installation of a large number of such devices will interfere with the atmospheric circulation and diminish the extraction efficiency on the large scale, since any extraction of momentum will act in competition with natural wind-power energy dissipation by turbulence in the boundary layer.

The amount of extractable energy evaluated using this "top-down" thermodynamic approach is significantly smaller than has been estimated using "bottom-up" engineering models based on wind turbine characteristics and wind velocity measurements which give values up to 1700 TW. If wind-energy were extracted on the scale of human demand for energy (17 TW), amounting to 50 -95% of the total energy available, significant climatic effects are predicted. These are a result of increased turbulence and entrainment of air at higher altitudes by the simulated turbines. At higher altitudes the air is potentially warmer and heats the air nearer to the surface by mixing with it. The warming effect is similar to that predicted from an elevation of the atmospheric CO2 concentration to 720 ppm.

While presently only 0.03 TW of energy was extracted from wind in 2008, and there is room for a considerable expansion of this technology with relatively insignificant effects on the climate, any future expansion on the global scale must take account that the potential for extraction of wind energy is finite according to the nature of the Earth system. It is thought too that as the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases, as it must with the continued burning of fossil fuels, the kinetic energy generation from the atmosphere will decrease thus further diminishing the amount of energy that may be sensibly extracted by wind-turbines on the very large scale.

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NASHE SI CHADH GAYI LYRICS Befikre Lyrics Songs World

NASHE SI CHADH GAYI LYRICS & MP3 Available Here.

Intro: Nashe Si Chadh Gayi Lyrics from Befikre:Vishal-Shekhar while Nashe Si Chad Gayi lyrics are written by Aadi’s favourite and frequent collaborator Jaideep Sahni.sung by Arijit Singh, Caralisa Monteiro.An upbeat dance song sung by Arijit Singh with French vocals by Caralisa Monteiro. Starring Ranveer Singh and Vaani Kapoor in Nashe Si Chadh Gayi video song choreographed by Vaibhavi Merchant. Listen to Ayushman Khuranas Halka Halk lyrics,Befikre movie Star Raveer Singh,Vaani Kapoor. And directed by Aditya Chopra.

Lyrics

Start French 

Nashe si chadh gayi oye
 Kudi nashe si chadh gayi Patang si lad gayi oye
 Kudi patang si lad gayi (x2)
 Aise khenche dil ke penche Gale hi pad gayi oye
 Nashe si chadh gayi oye
Kudi nashe si chad gayi Patang si lad gayi oye
 Kudi patang si lad gayi O udti patang jaise
 Mast malang jaise Masti si chadh gayi
humko turant aise
Lagti current jaise Nikla warrant jaise
 Abhi abhi utra ho net se torrent jaise
 Nashe si chadh gayi oye
Kudi nashe si chad gayi Patang si lad gayi oye
 Kudi patang si lad gayi Nashe si chadh gayi oye
Kudi nashe si chadh gayi Nashe si chadh gayi
 Patang si lad gayi Khilti basant jaise
Dhulta kalank jaise Dil ki daraar mein ho pyar ka cement jaise
 Akhiyon hi akhiyon mein jang ki front jaise
Mil jaaye sadiyon se atka refund jaise
 Zubaan pe chadh gayi oye
 Kudi zubaan pe chadh gayi Lahu mein badh gayi oye
Kudi lahu mein badh gayi
Kamli kahaaniyo si Jangli jawaniyon si
 Jamti pighalti hai pal-pal paaniyon si
Behti rawaaniyon si Hansti shaitaaniyon si
 Chadh gayi hum pe badi meherbaniyon si
 Aise khenche dil ke penche Gale hi pad gayi oye…
Nashe si chadh gayi oye
 Kudi nashe si chadh gayi Patang si lad gayi oye
Kudi patang si lad gayi
Kanniyan o katte kadi
 Dil de chaurahe langdi ae Kanniyan o katte kadi
 Banniyan o tappe kadi
 Dil de chaurahe langdi ae
Hansi kadi thatte kadi Galliyan oh nappe kadi
 Hans ke kaleja maangdi ae
 Ton sourire m’ensorcelle je suis fou
    de toi.
Le désir coule dans
 mes veines guidé par ta voix. (x2)
Nashe si chadh gayi oye..
Patang si lad gayi oye..
 Nashe si chadh gayi oye Kudi nashe si chadh gayi




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